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Can COVID-19 Cause Hearing Loss?

Hearing Loss20 August 2024Updated 27 October 20245 minutes read
The Short Answer

Yes, though it appears uncommon. A 2021 systematic review (Almufarrij and Munro, Int J Audiol) pooled a hearing-loss prevalence of about 7.6% following COVID-19, alongside tinnitus at 14.8%; the evidence quality was rated only "fair". Crucially, hearing loss that comes on suddenly is a medical emergency, so contact your GP or NHS 111 the same day.

At a Glance

Key Takeaways

  • A 2021 systematic review (Almufarrij and Munro) estimated pooled prevalence after COVID-19 of about 7.6% for hearing loss, 14.8% for tinnitus and 7.2% for vertigo, but rated the evidence only "fair" as most relied on self-report rather than hearing tests.
  • The mechanism is not confirmed: the proposed routes (cochlear hair-cell damage, auditory-nerve inflammation, reduced inner-ear blood supply) remain hypotheses drawn from limited evidence.
  • Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a medical emergency; the NHS advises an urgent GP appointment or NHS 111, and steroids work best started early, generally within two weeks.
  • RNID reports that people given steroids within seven days were five times more likely to fully recover their hearing, so seek same-day help rather than waiting to see if it improves.
On This Page
  1. Understanding COVID-19 and Hearing Loss
  2. Symptoms of COVID-19-Related Hearing Loss
  3. Diagnosis and Testing
  4. Treatment and Management
  5. Preventive Measures
  6. Final Thoughts

While the COVID-19 pandemic might seem to have taken a backseat in our day-to-day lives, researchers are uncovering new information about its effects on our health. One area of growing concern is the potential link between COVID-19 and hearing loss. If you’ve had COVID-19 or know someone who has, you might be wondering about the possible impacts on hearing. Let’s explore what we know so far about this connection.

Understanding COVID-19 and Hearing Loss

COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily affects the respiratory system. However, emerging evidence suggests that it may also impact other parts of the body, including the auditory system. While it’s not the only virus that causes hearing loss, COVID-19 has shown some concerning links to auditory issues.

Researchers have proposed several possible ways the virus might affect the inner ear, though none is yet confirmed:

  1. Direct damage to the hair cells in the cochlea
  2. Inflammation of the auditory nerve
  3. Disruption of blood supply to the inner ear

These effects can potentially lead to varying degrees of hearing loss, from mild to severe.

old man wearing red shirt covering both his ears

If you’re concerned about COVID-19 affecting your hearing, here are some symptoms to watch out for:

Sudden Onset

Unlike age-related hearing loss, which typically develops gradually, COVID-related hearing loss can sometimes occur suddenly.

Unilateral or Bilateral

The hearing loss can affect one ear (unilateral) or both ears (bilateral). Some patients report a noticeable difference in hearing between their ears.

Tinnitus

Many individuals with COVID-related hearing issues report experiencing tinnitus – a ringing, buzzing, or whistling sound in the ears.

Difficulty Understanding Speech

You might find it challenging to follow conversations, especially in noisy environments.

Ear Fullness

Some patients describe a sensation of fullness or pressure in their ears.

Diagnosis and Testing

doctor holding a chart and a pen

If you suspect that COVID-19 has affected your hearing, it’s important to seek professional help. The diagnostic process typically involves:

Medical History

Your doctor will ask about your COVID-19 experience and any hearing changes you’ve noticed.

Physical Examination

A thorough examination of your ears, nose, and throat will be conducted to rule out other potential causes of hearing loss.

Audiological Evaluation

This comprehensive hearing test assesses your ability to detect different sounds and understand speech.

Imaging Studies

In some cases, MRI or CT scans might be necessary to visualise the structures of your inner ear and auditory nerve.

Treatment and Management

While the effects of COVID-19 on hearing are still being studied, there are several approaches to managing COVID-related hearing loss:

Medications

Depending on the underlying cause, your doctor might prescribe corticosteroids, the standard treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss, which are most effective when started early.

Hearing Aids

For persistent hearing loss, hearing aids can significantly improve your ability to hear and communicate effectively.

Cochlear Implants

In cases of severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implants might be recommended to bypass damaged parts of the inner ear.

Speech and Hearing Rehabilitation

Working with an audiologist or speech therapist can help you develop strategies to cope with hearing loss and improve communication skills.

Preventive Measures

covid 19 vaccine

While we can’t completely eliminate the risk of COVID-related hearing loss, there are steps you can take to protect your hearing health:

Vaccination

Getting vaccinated against COVID-19 reduces your risk of infection and severe illness; whether it lowers the specific risk of hearing loss is not established.

Early Detection

If you notice any changes in your hearing, especially after a COVID-19 infection, seek medical attention promptly. Early intervention can often lead to better outcomes.

Monitoring Hearing Health

Regular hearing check-ups can help detect any changes in your hearing early on. If you’re due for a hearing test, consider scheduling one with a qualified audiologist.

Final Thoughts

The relationship between COVID-19 and hearing loss is an area of ongoing research. While not everyone who contracts COVID-19 will experience hearing problems, it’s important to be aware of the potential risk. If you’ve had COVID-19 and are concerned about your hearing, don’t hesitate to seek professional help.

At VIP Hearing Solutions, we’re committed to supporting your hearing health through these challenging times. Our team of experienced audiologists can provide comprehensive hearing assessments and personalised treatment plans. Whether you need a hearing test, hearing aids, or you’re simply looking for ear wax removal in London, we’re here to help.

Remember, your hearing health is an essential part of your overall well-being. By staying informed and proactive, you can protect your hearing and maintain a high quality of life, even in the face of challenges like COVID-19. If you have any concerns about your hearing, reach out to us. We’re here to listen and help you navigate your hearing health journey.

Patient Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

Can COVID-19 cause hearing loss?

Emerging evidence suggests it can, although it appears uncommon. A 2021 systematic review by Almufarrij and Munro pooled data from cross-sectional studies and estimated a hearing-loss prevalence of around 7.6% following COVID-19. However, the authors rated the evidence as only "fair", because most studies relied on self-reported symptoms rather than formal hearing tests. Research is ongoing, and not everyone who catches COVID-19 will experience hearing problems.

How common are hearing loss and tinnitus after COVID-19?

In the 2021 systematic review by Almufarrij and Munro, the pooled prevalence estimates were about 7.6% for hearing loss, 14.8% for tinnitus and 7.2% for rotatory vertigo. These figures carry wide confidence intervals and come from studies of only "fair" quality, so they are best read as rough indications rather than precise rates, and further research is needed to confirm them.

How might COVID-19 affect the ears and hearing?

The mechanism is not yet established. Researchers have proposed several possible routes: direct damage to the sensory hair cells in the cochlea, inflammation of the auditory nerve, and disruption of the blood supply to the inner ear. These remain hypotheses drawn from limited evidence rather than confirmed pathways, and more research is needed to understand whether and how the virus reaches the auditory system.

Is COVID-related hearing loss sudden, and what should I do?

Hearing loss after COVID-19 can sometimes come on suddenly. Sudden hearing loss in one or both ears is a medical emergency. The NHS advises asking for an urgent GP appointment or calling 111, and treatment is most effective when started early, generally within two weeks. Do not wait to see whether it improves on its own — prompt assessment gives the best chance of recovery.

Can COVID-related hearing loss be reversed or treated?

It depends on the cause and how quickly treatment begins. For sudden sensorineural hearing loss, corticosteroids are the standard treatment and work best when started early; RNID reports that people treated within seven days were five times more likely to fully recover their hearing. Some people recover partially or fully, while others may benefit from hearing aids. Prompt assessment gives the best chance of recovery.

References

Sources

  1. International Journal of Audiology — Almufarrij & Munro (2021)One year on: an updated systematic review of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms
  2. NHSHearing loss
  3. NIDCDSudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (Sudden Deafness)
  4. RNIDDoctors urged to treat people with sudden hearing loss within seven days
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